From 1986 – 1997 M Haroon served as a teaching assistant at the Psychology Department at the Faculty of Arts of the University of Khartoum. Since 1998 he became an assistant professor of psychology with a teaching and research focus on social, political and cultural psychology, as well as issues relating to public policy and social knowledge at large.

As a social scientist M Haroon contributed research articles to a number of both national and international journals and books, some of which he co-authored. Focusing on Sudanese scholarship, Islam and international relations, he also authored and presented research papers to, organized and co-organized and/or attended symposia, conferences and debates in various countries including, among others, Sudan, Egypt, Qatar, Morocco, Switzerland, Ethiopia, Kenya, Uganda, Turkey, Iran, UK, Germany, Austria, Norway, Russia and China,