A. Ph. D.:

• 1. Specialization: International Relations.
• 2. Date of Award: 1982.
• 3. University: Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
• 4. Subject: the International Regime of the River Nile- (+syllabuses and comprehensive examinations for four years)

B. M. Sc.:

• 1. Specialization: Political science (International Relations).
• 2. Date of Award: 1978
• 3. University: University of Khartoum – Sudan
• 4. Subject: the Sudanese – Egyptian Relations-

C. B. Sc.:

• 1. Specialization: Political science (International Relations).
• 2. Degree B.Sc. (Honors).
• 3. Date of Award: 1974.
• 4. University: University of Khartoum – Sudan.