December, 1992 Doctor of Philosophy in Food Science and Technology (Specialization: Food Microbiology), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA. GPA: 3.78/4.00
May, 1987 Master of Science in Animal Production (Dairy Science), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.
September, 1983 Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (Honours), University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan. Second Class Division I (specialization: Agricultural Biochemistry)
