B. Education and Qualification:

1959                  Hantoub Secondary School, Hantoub, Sudan. Obtained Sudan School Certificate (First Division).

1959-1960         School of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Qualified First Year.

1960-1964         Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan, Graduated with B.V.Sc.

1965-1967         Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Colorado State University, U.S.A. Obtained M.S. (Microbiology). Title of Thesis: The immune response to adjuvant vaccines.

1967-1969         Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, U.S.A. Obtained Ph.D (Microbiology). Title of Thesis: Hemophilus of bovine encephalitis.

1974-1975         Spent 7 months in the National Institute of Public Health. The Central Veterinary Research Institute and the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in the Nethrlands during a Post Doctoral Fellowship awarded by the Nethrlands Government. Short visits to various institutes in Egypt and the United Kingdom.

1977                  Spent 3 months in the Federal Republic of Germany in the Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Wutzburg and in the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover during a fellowship awarded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD).

1980                  Spent 6 months in Pasteur Institute, Paris, during a post-Doctoral Fellowship awarded by the French government.

1980                  codate participated in several local, regional and international work shops, conferences and semmars.