1990:                           Ph. D Economics, University of Reading, Reading, England.

1980:                           M. Sc. Agricultural Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.

1976:                           M.A. Economics, University of California, Santa Barbara California U.S.A.

1974:                           B. Sc. (Honours) Economics, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.