-1979    B.Sc. (Agric.) Honors Second Class Division One, Major in Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

-1986     M. Sc. (Agric). In Agronomy. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

-1992     Ph.D, in Range Management, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.