2002          Ph.D. Agricultural Engineering, Hohenheim University, Germany.
Dissertation: Performance of different no-till furrow openers under different soil and
crop residue conditions

1995         M.Sc. Agricultural Engineering, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Dissertation: Effect of Four Tillage Treatments on Soil Physical Properties and
Wheat Production

1985           B.Sc. Agricultural Engineering, University of Khartoum, Sudan