2001-2004                   Ph.D. in Agriculture, Institute of Horticulture, Bonn University, Germany. Title of dissertation ‘Differences in NaCl stress tolerance of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) cultivars “Elsanta” and “Korona”’

1998-2000                               M.Sc. degree in Crop Science, Wageningen University, The Netherlands. Courses/Research: title of thesis ‘How to reduce yield fluctuations in sweet pepper using fruit thinning and different planting dates’

1996-1998                   M.Sc. degree in Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan. Title of thesis ‘Effects of different watering regimes on growth of lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) seedlings’

1988-1993                               B.Sc. degree (Honors) in Agricultural Sciences, Gezira University, Sudan

1984-1987                               Secondary School, Sisters` School, Khartoum, Sudan

1980-1984                               Elementary School, Comboni School, Khartoum, Sudan

1975-1980                               Primary School, Comboni School, Khartoum, Sudan