1.       1962 -1966: Khor Taqqat Secondary School, Sudan: Sudan School         Certificate,  Division 1.

2.       1966 – 1971: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Sudan: B.Sc. (Honours) class 1.

3.       1972 -1975: Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum: M.Sc. (Agric. Microbiology).

4.       1976 – 1980: University of Liverpool, United Kingdom: Ph.D. (Microbiology).