–         Ph.D. (Agric.) Beekeeping – (Entomology) Padova University, Italy and University of Khartoum 2007.

–         M.Sc. (Agric.) Beekeeping (Entomology) University of Khartoum 1988, Sudan.

–          B.Sc. (Agric.) Honours, Class I, University of Khartoum, 1984. Sudan.