*   1983:  B.V.Sc (Bechalor of Veterinary Science) Faculty of Veterinary

               Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan with Merits in Surgery,

Obstetrics and Gaynaecology, Pharmacology, preventive

medicine and public health, pathology and chemistry and

introductory Biochemistry.  Faculty prize and the prize of the

agriculture Bank – Sudan.

*   1995: Ph.D from the Royal “Dick” School of Veterinary Studies,

               University of Edinburgh, United Kindom.

Thesis title: ” The Influence of body temperature on MAC of

                        halothane in the rabbit determined using Controlled

                        mechanical and heat stimulation”