PhD in Molecular Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Amsterdam. Dissertation title:“Visceral leishmaniasis: PCR and the direct agglutination test for diagnosis and management” (defended on 1 July 1998).
MSc. in Parasitology, The Grdauate College, University of Khartoum. Dissertation title: “The life cycle and the Ultra structure of some Isosporan parasitses of Passer domesticus and Pycnonotus spp in Sudan”(defendedon 28th of May 1992).
BSc. (2nd Class Div. I, Honors) in Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum. Titleof the B.Sc. HonoursDissertation: “Some ecological studies on Passer domestics and Steroptolia lugen” (Awarded on 20th of May 1987).
