1. Ph. D. in Parasite Immunology, 1995, University of Edinburgh, UK.             

  Title of Thesis: The host–parasite interaction

   with particular reference to Trypanosoma evansi antigens.         

2.  Master of Veterinary Science (M.V.Sc.) in Parasitology, 1988, University of Khartoum.

Title of Thesis: Experimental and field studies of some gastrointestinal nematodes of ruminants in the Sudan.                                                   

3.  Bachelor of Veterinary Science (B.V.Sc), 1982.University of Khartoum.