\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u062f: 1\/1\/ 1943<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0629:\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 : \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0643<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0640\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0635: \u062a\u0640\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a:e-mail: ahmed.elyas@gmail.com \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0640\u0645:\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0635 \u0628 406 \u0623\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0640\u0624\u0647\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n – \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1982<\/p>\n – \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1977<\/p>\n – \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 ” \u062c\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b “\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0647\u0631\u0639\u0627\u0645 1966<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0640\u0628\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>:<\/p>\n * \u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 2009<\/p>\n * \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627 1994 – 2008<\/p>\n *\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 – 1994<\/p>\n *\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u060c \u0632\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0646 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1990 – 1991 .<\/p>\n *\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0633\u0640\u0627\u0639\u062f \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 1983 – 1990.<\/p>\n *\u0645\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u062d 1978-1983.<\/p>\n *\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1978- 1966 .<\/p>\n \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627:<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Rise and Expansion of Islam Until 132AH<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>The Abbasid Caliphate<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>History of Islam in Maghrib and Andalus<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>History of Islamic Civilization in Sub-Sahara Africa<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Islamic Civilization<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Rise and Fall of Civilizations<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Muslim Historiography ( Under Graduate & Post Graduate)<\/p>\n \u00a8\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Research Methodology ( Under Graduate & Post Graduate)<\/p>\n \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 :<\/p>\n \u0623\/ \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u060c 1989 – 1990.<\/p>\n \u0628\/ \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c1989 – 1990 .<\/p>\n \u062c\u0640\/ \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 1988 – 1989.<\/p>\n \u062f\/ \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 1986 – 1987.<\/p>\n \u0647\u0640\/ \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 .<\/p>\n \u0648\/ \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1979 \u062d\u062a\u0649 1983.<\/p>\n 1\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0640\u064a\u0640\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n -\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 .<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The Association of Muslim Social Scientist, USA<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Canadian Association of African Studiesl, Canada<\/p>\n –\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 African Studies Association. USA<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0649:<\/p>\n . \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 12 \u0625\u0644\u0649 10 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1987 \u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0627. \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 17- \u0628 1 .<\/p>\n \u00a0\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 28 – 30 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1983 \u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 17- 5<\/p>\n 4.\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f 27 – 28 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1987 \u0645 .<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0641 3 – 4 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1990 .\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 17- 7<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u060c \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1991 \u0645 . \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0646 : \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1 – 4 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1994 \u0645. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 17 \u0628 2<\/p>\n .\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 16-19 \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1415 \u060c 23-26 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1994 \u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 . \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 17- \u0628 3<\/p>\n International Seminar on Islamic Studies, University of Brunei Darusslam 23-25 November 1995. The title of my paper: Towards a New Concept in Curriculum Design for History of Islam.<\/p>\n Symposium of Islamization of History, International Islamic University Malaysia, March 7th 1996. I presented two papers:<\/p>\n a) The Muslim: A Historical Survey until the 7th Century A.H.<\/p>\n b) Interpretation of Islamic History.<\/p>\n \u00a0Workshop on Integrating Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences I, International Islamic University Malaysia , November 1st to 6th 1996 .<\/p>\n \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n . Workshop on Integrating Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences II, International Islamic University Malaysia, September 1997.<\/p>\n The title of my paper: The Western Interpretation of History<\/p>\n . Conference on \u201cIslam and Africa\u201d 9th<\/sup>-22nd April<\/sup> 2001 Binghamton University\u200f<\/strong>, New York USA. , The title of my paper: \u201cThe Spread of Islam in the Niger and Senegal Rivers before the Rise of the Murabitun\u201dPublication no. 17<\/p>\n . One day Seminar on Ibn Khaldun and Muslim Hitoriography, 23rd July 2003, International Islamic University Malaysia. Publication no. 17 \u0628<\/strong> 4<\/p>\n . Furthering the Globalization Debate: Cross Regional Comparisons, April 27 \u2013 May 1, 2005, Canadian Association of African Studies Montr\u00e9al, Canada. The title of my paper: \u201cSimilarities in the World of the Indian Ocean: An Introduction of Cultural Routes\u201d<\/p>\n . The Research Center, Seminar on Research Findings and Publishing, 13 April 2006 International Islamic University, Malaysia.<\/p>\n . Second International Conference on Caravan Trade, 25-30 November 2006, Jalo, Libya. The title of my paper: \u201cThe Trans-Saharan Trade Transaction as known to Arab Geographers\u201d<\/p>\n . \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 18 \/ 2 \/ 2009\u060c \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u064a: \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n . \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 21 \u2013 10 \u2013 2009 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0645\u0640\u0646\u0640\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/p>\n \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0646 \u063a\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0646 . \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 4 \u0639\u062f\u062f 1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1982 \u0645.<\/p>\n \u00a0\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637: \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0635\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1983 \u0645.<\/p>\n \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1986 \u0645.<\/p>\n .\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 7-9 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 ( \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1987 \u0645.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 (\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1988 \u0645.<\/p>\n 6.\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062c\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 1991 \u0645<\/p>\n \u0635\u064f\u0644\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 21 \u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 – 651 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0648\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b 1990 \/ 1991 \u0645<\/p>\n “The Spread of Islam in the Niger and Senegal Valleys before the Rise of Almoravids\u201d Intellectual Discourse, Kuala Lumpur, International Islamic University, Vol. 9, 2, 2001.<\/p>\n . “\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a 8\u0645” \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 34\u060c 2005.<\/p>\n . \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 2007.<\/p>\n 11. :”\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u064a\u0646\u0629: \u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u061f” \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2009.<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0643\u0640\u062a\u0640\u0640\u0628 :-<\/strong><\/p>\n \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0640\u0641 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633 1987 \u0645. \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 : –<\/p>\n *\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 .<\/p>\n *\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 .<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 . \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 . \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 1994. \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e<\/p>\n . \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u060c \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u060c \u00a0\u00a0\u00a01416 \/ 1995. \u00a0\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 :- \u0639\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0640\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0640\u0629 : \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0631 .<\/p>\n . Ibn Khaldun and Muslim Hitoriography, Kuala Lumpur: International Islamic University, 2003. The title of my paper: \u201cThe Contribution of Early Muslims and Ibn Khaldun to the Foundation and Development of Historical Criticism<\/p>\n \u0645\u064f\u0624\u064e\u0644\u0640\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 13\u0645. \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a1991<\/p>\n . \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 :\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 (\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0645) \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2001<\/p>\n . \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 2001<\/p>\n . History of Islam 132 – 656 AH, Kuala Lumpur: Kasi Tradung 2005<\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0 10. \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0631: 2008<\/p>\n \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631<\/strong>:<\/p>\n \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a:<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a<\/p>\n \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a<\/p>\n Bridges across the Sahara<\/em>England: Cambridge Scholars Press<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0644\u0627\u062f: 1\/1\/ 1943 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0646\u0633\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u064a\u0629:\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 : \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0634\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0640\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0635: \u062a\u0640\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0640\u0640\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6,"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4\/revisions\/6"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staffpages.uofk.edu\/ahmed-elyas-ar\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}1 \u2013 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a:<\/h4>\n
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6. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0642\u0637: \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a 1992<\/h5>\n
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